Even though the concept of maniac and melancholia was discovered by French physiologist, the concept came in limelight due to German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin in the 19th century. He clarified the term ‘mania depressive disorder’ that is referred to all types of mood disorders. Further, in 1957 Karl Leonhard sorted and categorized all disorder terms. He divided them in two main terms- uni polar disorder -major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder also known as manic depressive disorder causes fluctuation in moods. It ranges from low level of depression to high level of mania. An individual suffering from depression usually feels hopeless or sad. These people lose interest in living. They are unable to enjoy pleasures in most of the activities. The moment their mood lifts up- they feel highly energetic and happy. This cycle occur frequently throughout the day. Sometimes it may not even appear for entire day. Though most of the researches had initially found  [...]

Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression. Bipolar disorder in children is common. It is a chronic disorder of the brain characterized by bouts of extreme changes in mood, energy, cognition, and behavior. The visible symptoms are behavioral. There are several cardiac and metabolic effects as well. Symptoms may surface gradually or all of a sudden during childhood, adolescence, or adulthood. Research has identified the disorder in individuals belonging to all age groups, including children going to preschool. Bipolar disorder in children manifests in many different ways. The frequency, intensity, and period of the symptoms differ from child to child. As the child grows, the brain’s size, shape, and function are affected. According to latest research, bipolar disorder in children is more of a neurodevelopmental disorder. The different parts of the brain mature at different times. In fact, brain maturation is an ongoing process  [...]